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Description of the Research Training and Mentoring Program for
Young Women Economists
January 2005
1. Objectives
This training program is provided jointly by a group of overseas economists and the Center of China Economic Research (CCER), Beijing University, in May 2005 with the financial support from the Ford Foundation. The overall goal of the program is to improve the presence of women in economic research by helping young women scholars overcome two main obstacles they face: (a) lack of advanced, post-degree, hands-on research training, and (b) lack of access to the network of professional contacts in economics. The program has three specific objectives: (1) to provide rigorous training to women economists as a way to upgrade and re-invigorate their skills; (2) to provide mentorship to women economists to teach them how to do research through the point where they can present their work domestically and internationally and publish their work in top quality research outlets, and (3) to promote economic research and education on women/gender issues in China.
Through a series of activities we hope that the program will contribute to building a critical mass of young women economists who are actively engaged in research using modern techniques and interested in and capable of providing research training and mentoring for junior scholars. Eventually we envision this becoming a regularly established “women’s economic forum” where young women economists come for advanced training and learning about how to do economic research; where more established scholars come to refresh their skills and get help in becoming more recognizable in domestic and international circles; and finally, where established scholars come to share their skills and experience to help those who have not advanced as far in their careers.
2. Description of the program
The training program consists of three parts. The first part is to offer a two-week intensive training course in the Center of China Economics Research, Beijing University in May 2005. The objective of the training course is to increase the research capabilities of the students, and hence great emphasis will be placed on economic theories, research methodologies, and econometric skills. The course syllabus is attached below. The second part of the program is to provide a one-to-one research mentoring for the participants based on the research proposal that each student presents at the end of the training course. The students will work collaboratively with their mentors to improve the way they design, implement, and carry out research based on their research proposal. The subject of the research proposal can be on any topic, and hopefully will be in an area in which the student can be assisted most effectively by one of the research mentors. Research mentoring will be done mainly through email, telephone conversation and mail correspondence. The third part of the program is to invite the students to come back to receive one day of follow-up econometrics training and then to present their research results for graduation at the Women Economists Forum in May 2006.
The training course will be taught by three instructors: Professor Dong Xiao-yuan of the University of Winnipeg, Canada, Professor Zhao Yaohui and Professor Shen Minggao of Beijing University, China. Research mentors will be selected from a pool of established Chinese and international scholars who have extensive experience in student supervision and statistical analysis, and have established respectable research records.
The Syllabus for the Training Course
Economic Research on Women and Development
January 2005
1. Course Description
The objective of this two-week intensive training course is to provide students with analytical and empirical skills to do economic research using micro data. The course is designed to increase the research capabilities of the students by placing special emphasis on economic theories, research methodologies, and econometric techniques. The course covers various subjects in labor markets and agricultural economics with a particular attention to women and gender issues in development. The students are trained to write research proposals and to do advanced econometric analysis on these subjects using the computer software, STATA.
2. Course Structure
This course consists of 10 days of intensive studies from June May 23 to June 3, 2005 and one day of follow-up econometrics training in May 2006. The schedule of the course is as follows: On May 23, the opening day, the session starts from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm in the morning and from 1:30 pm to 4:30 pm in the afternoon; and from the 24th of May and to the 3rd of June, the class starts from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm in the morning and from 1:30 pm to 4:30 pm.
On May 23, the morning activities start with the opening remarks by Dr. Sarah Cook, the representative of the Ford Foundation and Professor Justin Lin, director of the CCER, followed by a brief introduction of each instructor and each students. Then each student presents her research proposal for about 10 minutes in the class in the remaining of the day.
From May 24 to June 2, the three instructors give lectures and provide computer training. Each day is divided into three hours of lectures and three hours of hands-on training on computer programs and data analysis. The lectures will be pitched at very practical, research relevant materials. The empirical training will be focused on micro data analysis, and real data from each instructor’s own research will be used in the computer training. The students are expected to do readings and write their research proposals in the evening and over the weekend. They are also encouraged to discuss their research interest in the class, and the instructors supervise them to revise their research proposals throughout the course.
On June 3, the last day of the course, each student presents her research proposal in the class and makes her assessment of the training program and suggestions regarding how the program can be improved should it be offered in the future. A one-day follow-up econometrics training will be offered in May 2006 when the students come back to present their research papers.
3. Course Outline and Reading List
Section 1: Intra-household Allocations and Women’s Labor Force Participation
By Professor Dong Xiao-yuan
May 24:
Lecture: Gender, Development and Intra-household Allocations
I. Gender inequality and its consequences to development
II. Economic theories of intra-household resource allocation
b. Unitary models
i. Theory
ii. Implications to gender inequality
iii. Empirical analysis
c. Collective bargaining models
i. Theory
ii. Implications to gender inequality
iii. Empirical analysis
Computer Lab: STATA Basics
The topic: Regression analysis of the status of women and development
May 25:
Lecture: Economics of Women’s labor supply
I. Theories of women’s labor supply
II. Empirical methods for estimating women’s labor supply
Computer Lab: Regression analysis of women’s labor supply
The topics: Probit, Tobit, and Sample Selection Models
Readings:
Elson, Diane, “Labor Markets as Gendered Institutions: Equality, Efficiency and Empowerment Issues.” World Development, Vol. 27 No. 3: pp. 611-627.
John Hoddinott and Lawrence Haddad, 1995, “Does Female Income Share Influence Household Expenditures? Evidence from Cote D’Ivoire,” Oxford Economic Bulletin, pp. 77-96.
McElroy, M. and Horney, M., “Nash-bargaining Household Decisions: Towards a Generalization of the Theory of Demand.” International Economic Review, 22: 333-348.
Killingsworth, M. and J. Heckman, 1986, “Female Labor Supply: A Survey”. In Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume I, eds. O, Ashenfelter and R. Layard. New York: North-Holland.
Nakamura, Masao, Alice Nakamura, and Dallas Cullen, 1979, “Job Opportunities, the Offered Wages, and the Labor Supply of Married Women”, American Economic Review, 69(3): 787-805.
Amartya Sen, 1990, “Gender and Cooperative Conflicts”, in Persistent Inequality: Women and World Development, ed. Irene Tinker, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Strauss, John, Germano Mwabu and Kathleen Beegle, 2000, “Intra-household Allocations: A Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence,” Journal of African Economics, 9 (supplement 1): 83-143.
World Bank, 2001, Engendering Development: Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice. Summary and Chapter 4. Oxford University Press.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 1999, Introductory Econometrics, Chapter 17. Limited Dependent Variable Models and Sample Selection Corrections.
Section 2: Women and Labor Market Outcomes
By Professor Zhao Yaohui
May 26:
1. Theories of labor market discrimination
Lecture:
I. Factors causing gender wage differential
II. Labor market discrimination: definition
II. Taste-based discrimination
III. Occupational exclusion
I. Statistical discrimination
Computer Lab: Measuring labor market discrimination
I. Single equation method
II. Group equations and Oaxaca decomposition
May 27:
2. Measuring labor market discrimination
Lecture:
I. Decomposing wage differential
II. Omitted variables
III. Skill differential
IV. Occupational segregation
V. Analyzing the trend in gender wage differential
Computer Lab:
I. Decompose wage differential by incorporating occupational attainment
II. Analyze changes in gender wage gap
May 30:
3. Human Capital and Gender Wage Differential
Lecture:
I. The schooling decision
II. On the job training
III. Empirical issues
Computer lab:
I. Estimating returns to schooling
II. Age-earning profiles
III. Ability bias and correction
IV. Selectivity bias and correction
Readings:
Altonji J. G. And R. M. Blank, “Race and Gender in the Labor Market,” in O. C. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds.) Handbook in Labor Economics, Vol. 3C, 3143-3259
Blau. F. D. and L. M. Kahn, “Gender Differences in Pay,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 4, 75-99, Fall, 2000
Oaxaca, R., 1973. “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets,” International Economic Review, 14: 693-709.
Brown, R. S., M. Moom and B. S. Zoloth, 1980. “Incorporating Occupational Attainment in Studies of Male/Female Earnings Differentials,” Journal of Human Resources. 15: 3-28.
Blau, F. D. and L. M. Kahn, “Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in the 1980s,” Jounal of Labor Economics, vol. 15, no.1, pt. 1, 1-42, 1997.
David, Card, "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings," Handbook of Labor Economics, 1999, pp. 1802-1863.
Joshua Angrist and Alan Krueger, “Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106: 979-1014, 1991.
Section 3: Credit Market and Rural Development
By Professor Shen Minggao
May 31
1. Credit Market and Economic Development: Causality and Evidence
Lecture:
I. Causality and tests
II. Credit constraint: SME financing
III. Credit constraint: farm household financing
Computer Lab:
I. Tests of causality
II. Tests of credit constraints
III. Panel data analysis
June 1
2. Financial Intermediation and Informal Credit
Lecture:
I. Theories of financial intermediation and informal credit
II. Credit rationing
III. Relational lending
IV. Group lending
V. Gender participation in credit markets
Computer Lab:
I. Tests of information asymmetry
II. Tests of credit rationing
III. Nonlinearity
IV. Endogeneity and IVs
June 2
3. Rural Development
Lecture:
I. Market imperfections and non-separability
II. Land tenure and investment incentives
III. Credit and farm household transition
IV. Credit and Income inequality
Computer Lab:
I. Tests of non-separability
II. Measurement errors
III. Fixed effects
Readings:
Banerjee, Abhijit V., 2001. "Contracting Constraints, Credit Markets and Economic Development" MIT Dept. of Economics Working Paper No. 02-17.
Banerjee, Abhijit V. and Duflo, Esther, 2002. "Do Firms Want to Borrow More? Testing Credit Constraints Using a Directed Lending Program" MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 02-25.
Banerjee, Abhijit V. and Andrew F. Newman, 1993. “Occupational Choice and the Process of Development,” Journal of Political Economy, 101(2): 274-298.
Bell, Clive, T. N. Srinivansan, and Christopher Udry, 1997. “Rationing, Spillover, and Interlinking in Credit Markets: The Case of Rural Punjab,” Oxford Economic Papers, 49(4): 557-585.
Berger, Allen N., and Gregory F. Udell, 1995. “Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Financing,” Journal of Business, 68(3): 351-381.
Berger, Allen N., Leora F. Klapper, and Gregory F. Udell, 2001. “The Ability of Banks to Lend to Informationally Opaque Small Businesses,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 25: 2127-2167.
Besley, Timothy, and Alec R. Levenson, 1996. “The Role of Informal Finance in Household Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Taiwan,” The Economic Journal, 106(434): 39-59.
Besley, Timothy, 1995. “Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana.” Journal of Political Economy, 103(5): 903-37.
Cantillo, Miguel, and Julian Wright, 2000. “How Do Firms Choose Their Lenders? An Empirical Investigation,” The Review of Financial Studies, 13(1): 155-189.
Carter, Michael and Yang Yao, 2002. “Local versus Global Tests of Separability in Agricultural Household Models: The Factor Price Equalization Effect of Land Transfer Rights.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84(3): 702-715.
Cochrane, John H., 1991. “A Simple Test of Consumption Insurance,” Journal of Political Economy, 99(5): 957-976.
Gorton, Gary, 2002. “Financial Intermediation,” mimeo, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
McMillan, John, and Christopher Woodruff, 1999. “Inter-firm Relations and Informal Credit in Vietnam,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114,
Levine, Ross, 1997. “Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda,” Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2): 688-726.
Park, Albert, and Minggao Shen, 2003. “Joint Liability Lending and the Rise and Fall of China’s Township and Village Enterprises,” Journal of Development Economics, 71: 497-531.
Shen, Minggao, 2005a. “Credit Constraints and Household Financing: Panel Data Evidence From Rural China,” mimeo, CCER, Peking University.
Shen, Minggao, 2005b. “Information Asymmetry and Financing: Choice of Lenders by Chinese Private Enterprises,” mimeo, CCER, Peking University.
Zeldes, Stephen P., 1989. “Consumption and Liquidity Constraint: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Political Economy, 97(2): 305-346.
Section 4: Follow-up Econometrics Training
By Professor Dong Xiao-yuan
May 2006:
Lecture: 1. Instrumental Variable Estimation
2. Simultaneous Equations Models
Computer Lab: STATA programs for IV and 2SLS methods
Readings:
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., Introductory Econometrics, Chapter 15 Instrumental Variables Estimation and Two Stage Least Squares, Chapter 16 Simultaneous Equation Models, and Chapter 19 Carrying Out an Empirical Project. |
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