Health Tips for Trips 健康.旅行,一个都不能少

Don't let illness spoil a great vacation. Here's some advice for staying healthy on the road.
By Nissa SimonKeep Your Shots Up to Date
If you haven't had a tetanus booster within the last 10 years, get one now. The bacteria that cause tetanus are present in soil and street dust, and can enter the body through any scratch or scrape. A vaccination against tetanus also offers protection against diphtheria, still a problem in Eastern Europe, according to Patricia M. Young, M.D., medical director of the Medical College of Wisconsin International Travelers Clinic in Milwaukee.

If you're planning a trip to the Southern Hemisphere, be aware that peak flu season there is between April and September. Since flu vaccine offers protection for only four months, it makes sense to have another shot six weeks before your trip. Also ask your doctor about a vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia if you haven't already had one.
Pack Smart
Whether you're traveling by plane, train, or automobile, keep a small bag with you that contains essentials you'll need during your trip, including any medications you use. If you wear eyeglasses or contact lenses, pack an extra pair. Keep a copy of prescriptions for both medications and eyeglasses in your wallet. Also include antibiotic ointment, adhesive bandages, sterile gauze dressings, paper tape that tears without scissors, and antiseptic wipes. Pack a pair of tweezers, an elastic bandage for strains or sprains, and safety pins. Don't forget insect repellent, sunscreen, aspirin or acetaminophen, soothing eye drops, lip balm, a decongestant for colds or sinus congestion, and an antihistamine to treat allergic reactions and relieve itching. And toss in some antacid tablets for those nights you wake up regretting you ate the whole thing.

Fight Off Jet Lag
When you cross multiple time zones by plane, you may find yourself unable to concentrate and out of sync with local time once you reach your destination. This condition, known as jet lag, can leave you worn out for days.

According to Young, the time to start outwitting jet lag is the minute you step on the plane. "Immediately set your watch for the time at your destination," she says. "Then, when you arrive, start on the local time right away and take a walk outside where you'll be exposed to natural light." If you're really tired, lie down for a short, 20-minute nap, just enough to take the edge off your fatigue but not so long that you'll feel groggy for the rest of the day.

Quell the Queasiness
It can happen during ground, water, or air travel, and, although some people are more prone, no one is immune to motion sickness. Usually the first indication is a vague discomfort, then pallor and sweating. A headache often develops, followed by nausea and vomiting.

Since it's easier to prevent the problem before it starts, here are a few ways to combat motion sickness:

[li]Eat lightly and don't drink alcohol during travel.

[/li][li]Fix your eyes on the horizon or on a stationary point in the distance.

[/li][li]Sit in the most stable section of a moving vehicle -- directly over the wings in a plane, in the front seat of a car, amidships on deck, in the first car of a train, or in the midsection of a bus.

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Know Where to Find a Doctor
One of the most worrisome problems for people who are unfortunate enough to get sick during their travels is finding a doctor in a foreign country. The International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), a nonprofit foundation, provides names of member doctors around the world. All of the doctors speak English in addition to their mother tongue and have trained in a Western country. You can join at no cost (although the foundation accepts donations).