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发表于 2008-11-26 18:38:06
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全球变暖及其影响 Global warming and its impact
Global Warming & energy efficiency
全球变暖和能源有效利用
内容
关于全球变暖What is global warming
全球变暖的影响The impact of global warming
21世纪全球升温状况预测
全球变暖原因
温室气体 Greenhouse Gas
指大气中那些吸收和重新放出红外辐射的自然的和人为的气态成分
The gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.
人类活动排放的温室气体
二氧化碳 Carbon Dioxide
主要的人为二氧化碳排放来自化石燃料的燃烧:
The main source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels:
热力 heating
电厂 power generation
交通 transportation
森林砍伐 Deforestation
生产排放 Process emissions
金属生产 Metal production
水泥工业 Cement production
全球CO2 排放 Global CO2 Emissions
内容
关于全球变暖What is global warming
全球变暖的影响The impact of global warming
全球变暖的影响
Water resources水资源
Agriculture
Forest
Species
Sea level
Human health
Tourism
Insurance
……
更多干旱和洪水
Glacier retreat in source region of the Yangtze river
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture农业
Forest
Species
Sea level
Human health
Tourism
Insurance
……
农业
Global warming makes the potential growing season of crops longer, which may makes multiple cropping system extend. But this probability might be counteracted by shortage of water due to more evaporation.
气候变暖使得农业生长的潜在生长季有所延长,为多熟种植制度的增加带来了可能,但是气温升高的同时,蒸发量增大,热量资源增加的有利因素可能由于水的匮乏而无法得到充分利用
Combined effect of several factors, such as loss of essential species, increased incidence of flooding, climate-induced outbreaks of pests and so on will decrease crop yield.
气候变化产生的温度变化以外的影响,如物种的消失,洪涝灾害的加剧,病虫害的发生等会综合影响农作物产量
When CO2 doubled, content of amino acids and proteins in soybean, winter wheat and maize will decrease
CO2浓度加倍的条件下,大豆、冬小麦和玉米的氨基酸和粗蛋白含量均呈下降趋势
climate change and environmental change in China, 2005
Stern review, 2006
National Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2007
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture
Forest森林
Species
Sea level
Human health
Tourism
Insurance
……
森林受到危害
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture
Forest
Species物种
Sea level
Human health
Tourism
Insurance
……
对陆地生物的影响
Climate change will intimidate the endangered species and the species that has accustomed to cold weather, such as, panda, Yunnan snub - nosed monkey, white-lipped deer, Taiwania flousiana Gaussen, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Tibet\'s antelope.
未来气候变化将对濒危物种的栖息地及气候适应范围狭窄的高山物种、已适应青藏高原高寒气候的物种和迁移能力弱的物种,如大熊猫、滇金丝猴、白唇鹿、秃杉、沙冬青和藏羚羊等造成威胁。
The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004
对熊猫的影响
Panda migrate to north and high altitude
大熊猫整体向北和向高海拔处迁移
Light conditions’ change, especially longer day length will urge bamboo blooming and accelerate bamboo fading
大熊猫栖息地光照条件的改变,特别是日照时数的增加可能会促进大熊猫主食竹的开花,加速其衰老
Warm weather will facilitate natural rebirth of young bamboo.
变暖有利于幼竹的天然更新
Impact of climate change on Panda’s habitat, 2004
对海洋生物的影响
Coral bleaching has become increasingly prevalent in coastland of Hainan, guangxi, Taiwan, Xianggang.
海南、广西、台湾、香港沿海及其他南海海域均发现不同程度的珊瑚白化现象
When coral is bleaching, the fishes depend on coral are also endangered
珊瑚发生白化死亡,栖息于此的鱼类也将面临灭绝的风险
The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004
对海洋生物的影响
When temperature increase 2℃, mangrove will extend to north with 2.50 of latitude. The northern border of mangrove will move from Fujian to Zhejiang
气温升高2度后,中国沿岸的各种红树植物分布区可能会向北扩展2.5个纬度,红树林的自然分部北界可由现在的福建省福鼎市达到浙江省嵊县附近。
But mangrove may be destroyed by rise of sea level and climate disasters
但海平面上升和气候灾害可能毁坏大面积的红树林
The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture
Forest
Species
Sea level海平面上升
Human health
Tourism
Insurance
……
海平面上升
There are 143,900km2 of coast land lower than 5 m, which is about 1.5% of all land area of China. Among these regions, Zhu River delta, Yangtze River and North Jiangsu province, Huang River delta and Penglai bay are main vulnerable regions.
我国高程低于5m的沿海面积达14.39万km2,约占全国国土面积的1.5%。其中,珠江三角洲、长江三角洲及苏北沿岸、黄河三角洲及蓬莱湾为重点脆弱区。
During the past 50 years, sea level rose at the rate 1.4-2.5 mm/year.
近50年海平面平均上升速率为每年1.4-2.5mm。
Sea level keeps on rising. Till 2030, coastal sea level will rise 1-16 cm and till 2050, it will rise 6-26mm, and at the end of 21th century, it will rise 30-70mm.
根据预测,我国未来海面还将继续上升,到2030年中国沿海海平面上升幅度为1-16cm,到2050年上升幅度为6-26cm,预计到21世纪末将达到30-70cm。
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture
Forest
Species
Sea level
Human health人类健康
Tourism
Insurance
……
对人类健康影响
Increased temperature is likely to make conditions more favourable for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
气温上升会令蚊子更容易滋生,增加如疟疾和登革热等由蚊子传播的疾病的风险。
An increase in the frequency or severity of heat waves is likely to increase (predominantly cardio-respiratory) illness and mortality.
热浪增多或增强,很可能会增加心肺疾病的发病率和死亡率。
34 ℃ was the threshold temperature for heat-related mortality; By 2050 there will be 3 .6 to 7.1 times more heat-related deaths in that city.
酷热致死的临界温度是34 ℃ 。在上海因酷热致死的个案到2050年将会较现时增加3.6至7.1倍。
对人类健康影响
Food-borne and water-borne diseases are also predicted to become more intense and more frequent, as conditions become more favourable for bacteria and micro-organisms.
由于气候环境更适合细菌和微生物繁殖,预计由食物和食水传播的疾病将会变得更严重和发生得更频密。
Global warming will accelerate photochemical reaction rates among chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, increasing oxidants in many urban areas. High levels of photochemical oxidants are associated with eye irritation, severe respiratory irritation, increased frequency of asthmatic attacks of susceptible persons and decreased pulmonary functions
全球变暖会加速大气中化学污染物的光化学反应率,因而令市区的氧化剂增加。高浓度的光化学氧化剂会引致眼睛过敏、严重呼吸道过敏、哮喘发病率增加和削弱肺功能等。
全球变暖的影响
Water resources
Agriculture
Forest
Species
Sea level
Human health
Tourism旅游业
Insurance保险
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