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发表于 2005-5-14 00:31:26
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An Introduction of Qinling lenok Preservation Project
English name: Qinling lenok
Classification: Order: Salmoniformes; Family: Salmonidae
Status: Vulnerable
Diagnosis: Body long spindle and slightly compressed; head blunt, top broad flat and slightly convex on center; snout not pointed or slightly convex; mouth terminal; lower jaw bit shorter than upper one and end of maxillae reaching beneath eyes; maxilla, lower jaw, vomer and palatine with a row sharp teeth; tongue thick and free; gill openings large and reaching forward beneath center of eyes; scales minute and absent on head; lateral line complete and straight; dorsal fin short and outer edge slightly concaved; adipose fin and anal fin opposite each other; origin of pelvic fin opposite to middle of dorsal fin and no extending rearward anus; long axillary scales present on bases of pelvic fins; caudal fin forked; pyloric caecum 65-75. Body color, in life, dark brown on back and white from lateral to belly; long-oval black spots scattered on back and sides and edge of spots pink, round black spots 4-5 on each along base of dorsal fin and adipose fin.
Distribution: It is an endemic subspecies of China and found only parts of the Taibaishan Mountain in the Qinling Mountains, particularly in the Heihe River at the northern foot and the Xushui and Heihe River at the eastern foot, the Shitouhe River at the northern foot and the Xushui and Taibaihe River at the southern foot of mountain.
Habitat and Habits: It is a relic of the species that came to the south from the north during the ice age and belongs to one of the fishes in cold water of mountains. It lives mainly in the mountain brooks 900 to 2,300 m above sea level in the regions of the Qinling Mountain Range and except in flood seasons, it is seldom seen in rivers on the plain. It stays mostly in swift currents of clear water with bottom of large gravel. The age of sex maturity is over 3 or 5 years. The sexually matured fish spawns in February and March. The spawning ground is usually in shallow water with gravel and sandy bottom and water temperature below 10篊. It is carnivorous and the fingerlings feed mainly on water invertebrates. Besides eating water invertebrates and land insects blown into water by wind, the adult fish also feed on other fishes.
Factors of Endangerment and Present Status: The fish is distributed mainly in mountain streams where the fishery production is very backward, but the practice of fishing by poisoning, electrification and bombing is very much done, which results in the sharp decline of the stocks in densely populated areas under 1,200 m above sea level, where only young fish 2 to 3 years old can be found. The author went to the place again in April 1990 for a new investigation and found fishing by poisoning, electrification and bombing was still very much practiced and in some sections of the river it had become very difficult to catch a fish of the species.
Protective Measures Taken: The fish has been listed as a second class state protected wild animal.
In order to more effectively protect this rare and precious animal, our Green Engineering Society(GES), a non-profit environmental protection organization, by students of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(LZU), plans to learn on the spot the real reasons why Qinling lenok is endangered nowadays, and therefore seek to offer feasible suggestions to improve it with our professional knowledge. With the firsthand materials of investigator, we will put forward a primary program to promote the conservation of it among more people. And at the same time, well promote a sustainable approach to maintain the biodiversity of this area as well as upgrade the less-developed economic situation of local inhabitants living around the provincial Qinling Lenok Preservation Zone(QLPZ), by cooperating with related governments and associations.
This investigation is divided into 3 parts as following:
PartⅠEcological Research
This is in intended to investigate the coot reasons of the rare species.
(1) Get a picture of what current situation of it is like in QLPZ in Zhangxian(200km south west of Lanzhou) and give wide publicity among local people and visitors about the significance of preserving biodiversity;
(2) Based on respecting and understanding local culture, we’ll try to find out a proper balance between economic development and environmental protection, and to explore prospects of local ecotourism.
PartⅡ Survey and Study Concerning Local Farmers
The study is designed to master:
(1) The basic information on relocation of some formers now living in the QLPZ;
(2) Which effects, in particular, on local lifestyle are caused by the distinctive Qinling Lenok Tamed Field (QLTF) established in QLPZ;
(3) How the establishment of QLPZ are related to the local economy and living condition, which is conducted by a door-to-door research;
(4) and whether or not QLTF may affect the whole QLPZ.
Part Ⅲ Cultural Concern
Get to know the local customs and folklores about Qinling lenok there. By interviewing local residents, we also want to evaluate and study how feudal mind affect the preservation of this endangered species. After analyzing all relative factors, we will consults with them on how to develop local economy in an environmental-friendly and sustainable way.
The ultimate goal of our GES is to do utmost to mobilize more people to realize the importance of natural biodiversity in the western part of China, and to voluntarily preserve our environment and wildlife.
A Brief Introduction of Environmental Societies
In Gansu’s Universities and Colleges
Being started in 1999, this kind of organizations was set up, in different periods of time, in all 12 colleges except 2. Owing to the less-developed economy, relatively slow development of these colleges and limited access to online resources here, these non-profit, non-government organizations are suffering a serious lack of information sharing and fund, in recent years. In fact, until now, most societies are still at the embryo stage of distributing environmental protection pamphlets. So, this Qinling lenok preservation project will serve as an encouragement and good guide for them all in the province.
We also warmly welcome your participation in our project, and together we make efforts to protect our only living planet.
秦岭细鳞鲑项目简介
名称：秦岭细鳞鲑
别名：花鱼、梅花鱼、金板鱼、闾花鱼、五色鱼
分类地位：鲑形目 Salmoniformes; 鲑科 ：Salmonidae
濒危等级：易危
识别特征：体长纺锤形，稍侧扁。头钝，头背部宽坦，中央微凸。吻不突出或微突。口端位，下颌叫上颌略短，上颌骨后端达眼中央下方，上下颌、犁骨和腭骨各有一行尖齿。舌厚、游离。鳃孔大，侧位，向前达眼中央下方。体被细鳞，头部无鳞。侧线完全，较平直。背鳍短，外缘微凹；脂鳍与臀鳍相对；腹鳍始于背鳍基中部下方，后伸不达肛门，其基部具有一长腋鳍；尾鳍叉状。幽门盲囊65——75个。生活时背部暗褐色，体侧至腹部渐呈白色，体背及两侧散布有长椭圆圆形黑斑，斑缘为淡红色环纹，沿背鳍基及脂鳍上各具有4-5个圆黑斑。
分布：为我国特有，仅见于秦岭太白山东麓的黑河，北麓的石头河及南麓的？水和太白河。生境及习性：为冰期自北方南移的残留种。属冷水性山麓鱼类。生活于秦岭地区海拔900-2300M的山涧溪流中，除洪水期，很少在平原干流中见到。多在水流湍急、水质清澈、大型砾石底质的河段活动。最小成熟年龄3+——5+龄。性成熟个体2——3月产卵，产卵场多在浅水砂石底处。产卵水温低于10°C。为肉食性鱼类，幼鱼主要以水生无脊椎动物为食，成鱼除摄食鱼类外，也食被风吹落的陆生昆虫。
致危因素及现状：秦岭细鳞鲑主要分布在山区溪流，当地渔业生产极为落后，但毒、电、炸的现象却非常严重，致使在海拔高度1200m以下人口较多的地区，资源量急剧减少，所能见到的也多为2+——3+龄的未成熟个体。1990年4月，笔者在补充调查时了解到。毒、炸鱼现象仍十分严重，部分河段已很难捕到。
现有保护措施：列入国家Ⅱ级野生保护动物。
摘自《中国濒危动物红皮书》主编：汪松
鱼类：主编：乐佩琦 陈易瑜 注：科学出版社
为了更好、更有效的的保护秦岭细鳞鲑这一稀有动物，兰州交通大学生绿色工程协会计划通过实地调查，找到细鳞鲑濒危的实际原因，利用所学专业知识为其提供改善的建议。根据调查结果制定，细鳞鲑保护宣传初步方案；通过我们的努力让更多人来关注和保护细鳞鲑，通过与相关政府部门和社会团体合作，提高和改善细鳞鲑保护区（省级）附近居民的生活水平和经济状况，维护生态多样性，走可持续发展的道路。
项目主要从以下三个方面进行调查。
生物生态：调查漳县秦岭细鳞鲑濒危的原因。了解漳县秦岭细鳞鲑的生存现状，向当地居民及旅游者宣传维护生物多样性的意义。以尊重、了解民俗文化为前提，与他们共同探索经济发展与环境保护的结合点及生态旅游的发展前景，分析开发旅游对生态的影响。
支农调研：入户调查细鳞鲑保护区的建立与当地经济的关系，农民生活生产的关系。调查建立保护区后住在保护区内的生活搬迁情况。保护区内建立了独具特色的“秦岭细鳞鲑驯化场”，对驯化养殖场附近居民生活方式影响，会不会对保护区造成影响。
人文关注：调查当地居民的生活风俗，通过对当地居民的访谈了解封建思想对保护细鳞鲑的影响，了解当地有关细鳞鲑的故事传说，如何更好帮助他们找到可持续发展的正确方向。
我们的最终目的是：尽己所能让更多的人能意识到维护生物多样性的重要性，让越来越多的人自觉保护环境，保护野生动物。
甘肃高校环保社团情况
甘肃环保社团起步于1999年，在甘肃12所高校中除了两所学校没有出现环保社团以外，其它学校都在不同时期出现过环保社团，而甘肃环保社团在不同程度上受到学校发展环境和网络信息资源的制约。社团活动能力、信息交流都比较差，活动成本较高。现阶段，大部分社团还处于散发传单的初级阶段。在这种背景下，我们希望通过这个项目有效的引导促进甘肃环保社团的发展。我们也热诚的欢迎大家的加盟，齐心协力，保护我们唯一的地球。 |
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发表于 2005-5-12 11:25:57
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发表于 2005-5-13 00:42:07