中英对照：巴里岛路线图为解决气候变化铺路

中英对照：巴里岛路线图为解决气候变化铺路
巴里岛“路线图”为解决气候变化问题铺路
联合国秘书长潘基文在巴厘岛会议讲话Imelda V. Abano

2007年12月18日
[印度尼西亚 巴厘岛] 各国政府达成了一项为期两年的“路线图”，它将让各国在2012年达成新的气候变化条约取代《京都议定书》。

在为期两周的《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判结束后，12月14日，187个国家就未来气候谈判战略达成共识。这些国家将于2009年在丹麦哥本哈根举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判中签署一个最终协定。

《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书长Yvo de Boer在会议上说：“我们现在有了路线图，有了议程、也有了最后期限。但摆在我们面前的是一项巨大的任务，同时我们用以达成合约的时间实在是太短了，因此需要我们赶快行动了。”

该路线图描述了一些谈判的关键问题。

各国都同意对气候变化造成的诸如洪涝灾害等负效应采取必要措施。如政府间气候变化专门委员会所建议的那样，一个关键的问题是该路线图是否应该要求发达国家到2020年把他们的碳排放降到比1990年水平低25%—40%。

美国反对提出这样一个目标，因为他们并不想该路线图预先就决定了后京都议定书框架谈判的结果，诸如加拿大、日本等其他国家都有着同一立场。 然而，他们在最终报告删除具体的数据之后达成妥协，该最终报告提到发达国家到2050年应减排到现在的一半。

联合国秘书长潘基文接受SciDev.Net记者采访时说：“该路线图向达成解决气候变化威胁的公约迈进了一步 。”潘基文说，所有的国家应该开始对重要的挑战特别要采取适当的措施，转让技术并反对乱砍滥伐。

批准联合国气候变化适应基金是该合约一个重要的部分（详见 联合国批准气候变化适应基金）。

各国政府也同意启动一个战略项目，用以扩大对发展中国家适应与减缓气候变化技术的转让投资。该计划目的是在该领域创造一个更好的投资环境，比如对私营部门的技术转让提供激励机制。全球环境基金会将会在私营部门帮助下负责建立这个项目。

技术转让专家小组的委任书将延续到未来的五年。该小组被要求特别注意评估获取资金的差距和障碍。他们也将开始从事业绩指标方面的工作，这将用来定期监视与评估环境友好技术的发展、部署与转移方面的进展。

另外，该线路图的缔约国同意发展一项工作计划来降低由于乱砍滥伐与林地退化造成的排放量。该计划将会关注对植被变化和相关温室气体排放变化的评估，开发出方法来估算与证明

由于重新植树造林造成的排放减少量。

小规模重新造林的规模限制将倍增，达到每年16000吨的排放量，这样可以让更多造林项目符合联合国清洁发展机制，让更多国家参与进来。在路线图中，各国也第一次讨论了把碳捕获和碳存储纳入清洁发展机制范围。缔约国同意为此形成一个工作计划，将在2008年生效。

他们也同意把最不发达国家专家团的任期延后，这个专家团为发展中国家适应气候变化的各种需求提出了关键建议。


Bali 'roadmap' paves way to address climate change

[BALI] Countries have agreed a two-year 'roadmap' leading to a new climate treaty to succeed the Kyoto Protocol in 2012.

After two weeks of negotiations at the UN Framework on Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) last week (14 December), 187 countries agreed to the strategy for future climate talks. These will culminate with a final agreed protocol at the UNFCCC to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 2009.

"We now have a roadmap, we have an agenda and we have a deadline. But we also have a huge task ahead of us and time to reach agreement is extremely short, so we need to move quickly," said Yvo de Boer, executive secretary of the UNFCCC, at the conference.

The roadmap outlines key issues to be negotiated.

Nations agreed that action is necessary to adapt to the negative consequences of climate change, such as droughts and floods.

A sticking point was whether or not the roadmap should call for developed nations to cut carbon emissions to 25–40 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The United States had opposed the mention of such a target, on the grounds that they did not want the roadmap to predetermine the outcome of the negotiations on a post-Kyoto framework — a position shared by other countries such as Canada and Japan.

However, they compromised after specific figures were dropped from the final text — it now says developed countries should reduce emissions by at least half by 2050.

"The roadmap that has been agreed is a step toward an agreement that can address climate change risks to our planet," UN secretary-general Ban Ki-Moon told SciDev.Net.

All nations should begin to address key challenges particularly on adaptation measures, transfer of technology and combating deforestation, Ban said.

Approval for the UN Adaptation Fund (see UN approves climate change adaptation fund) was a key part of the agreement.

Governments also agreed to kick-start a strategic programme to scale up investment for the transfer of both adaptation and mitigation technologies to developing countries.

The programme aims to create a better environment for investment in the sector, such as providing incentives to the private sector for technology transfer. The Global Environment Facility will look to establish this programme with help from the private sector.

The mandate of the Expert Group on Technology Transfer will be extended for a further five years. The Group was asked to pay particular attention to the assessment of gaps and barriers to the use and access of financial resources.

They will also begin working on performance indicators that can be used to regularly monitor and evaluate progress on the development, deployment and transfer of environmentally sound technologies.

Elsewhere in the roadmap parties agreed to develop a work programme to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The programme will look into assessments of changes in forest cover and associated greenhouse gas emissions, and methods to estimate, and demonstrate, reductions of emissions from deforestation.

The size limit for small-scale reforestation projects will be doubled to 16 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide per year, to enable more projects to qualify for the UN clean development mechanism (CDM) and allow many more countries to take part.

The possible inclusion of carbon capture and storage as a CDM activity was also discussed for the first time. Parties agreed to formulate a workplan for this — to be taken further in 2008.

They also agreed to extend the mandate of the Least Developed Countries Expert Group, which provides critical advice on the adaptation needs of developing countries.

2007年12月28日16:24 来源：科学与发展网络 (SciDev.Net)（责任编辑：马丽）